The multifaceted angina

Ludwig's Angina: The Original Angina

Ludwig's angina was first detailed by the German surgeon Wilhelm Friedrich von Ludwig in 1836. We present a case which needed awake fibreoptic intubation due to severe trismus and a prolonged period intubated in the Intensive Care Unit after incision and drainage of neck spaces and removal of his lower wisdom teeth. He was finally discharged a week after admission and followed up in the outpati...

The multifaceted therapeutic potential of valproic acid beyond CNS axis

Valproic acid is widely used as an anti-epileptic globally. Anti-epileptic action is mediated by Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) receptors. In past and recently, several other clinical outcomes have been proposed by various studies. These under-reported clinical actions apart from anti-epileptic activity are mediated by various intracellular and extracellular pathways. Several mechanisms like H...

The multifaceted granulysin.

Granulysin is a cytolytic and proinflammatory peptide contained in the cytotoxic granules of NK cells and CTL. Unexpectedly, granulysin also recruits and activates dendritic cells via TLR4/Myd88, playing the role of an immune adjuvant. Hence, in contrast to classical alarmins released by early leukocytes, granulysin is the first alarmin to be released from lymphocytes.

Halofuginone - the multifaceted molecule.

Halofuginone is an analog of febrifugine-an alkaloid originally isolated from the plant Dichroa febrifuga. During recent years, halofuginone has attracted much attention because of its wide range of beneficial biological activities, which encompass malaria, cancer, and fibrosis-related and autoimmune diseases. At present two modes of halofuginone actions have been described: (1) Inhibition of S...

Multifaceted Mathematicians